FRUITS
Detailed cultivation information and fertilization programs for fruit types
OLIVE
Olive is an important stone fruit type with rich nutritional value and flavorful fruit. It is a perennial tree and can remain productive for 50–80 years with good care. It prefers cool and mild climates. It develops best in deep, well-drained soils rich in organic matter. High-quality fruit production is achieved with regular pruning and fertilization. It is sensitive to ring spot and leaf blight disease and requires careful monitoring.
KEY FACTS
- Perennial tree (40–50 year lifespan)
- Cool-climate fruit type
- High nutritional value
- Requires regular care
Cultivation & Care
Olive trees are planted in autumn or early spring. Grafted saplings on rootstocks are used. Pruning is carried out in winter months. Regular irrigation is especially important during the fruit development period. Thinning improves fruit quality. Disease and pest control should be done regularly.
Planting Time
November–December / February–March
Harvest Time
July–October (depending on variety)
Yield Potential
12–20 t/ha
Soil pH
6.0 - 7.5
Nutrient Requirements
Pear requires balanced nutrition. Excess nitrogen increases vegetative growth and raises disease risk. Calcium is important for fruit quality. Boron and zinc deficiency are common.
Fertilization Strategy
Annual fertilization program for pear:
Spring - Bud Swell
Main fertilizer application. 50% of nitrogen, all of P and K.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 12-12-17Before Flowering
Apply boron and zinc with foliar fertilizer.
Recommended: Boron + Zinc (foliar fertilizer)After Fruit Set
Second nitrogen dose and calcium support.
Recommended: KÖK-UAN+ + Calcium NitrateFruit Development
Foliar potassium and calcium. Important for fruit quality.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + Calcium (foliar)After Harvest
Reserve fertilization. Nutrient storage for next year.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-15-15CHERRY
Cherry is a stone fruit type with high economic value due to early harvest. It is divided into two main groups: sweet and sour cherry. It requires a cool climate and must meet its chilling requirement. It performs well in well-drained, deep soils. Due to its short fruit development period, it requires rapid nutrient uptake. It is sensitive to frost events and should be protected against wind.
KEY FACTS
- Early harvest, high market value
- Chilling requirement / cool climate need
- High frost sensitivity
- Rapid fruit development
Cultivation & Care
Cherry trees are planted in autumn or early spring. Pruning should be light. Since fruit development is short, nutrient demand is high. Regular irrigation is required, but excessive moisture increases cracking risk. It should be protected from bird damage.
Planting Time
November–December / February
Harvest Time
May–July
Yield Potential
15–25 t/ha
Soil pH
6.0 - 7.5
Nutrient Requirements
Cherry requires intensive nutrition due to rapid fruit development. Potassium is critical for fruit quality and color. Calcium reduces fruit cracking. Boron affects fruit set.
Fertilization Strategy
Intensive fertilization program for cherry:
Early Spring
Main fertilizer application. Balanced NPK.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-15-15Flowering
Boron and calcium foliar fertilizer. Critical for fruit set.
Recommended: Boron + Calcium (foliar)Fruit Growth
High potassium application. Important for color and quality.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + KÖK-AminOBefore Harvest
Calcium foliar fertilizer. Reduces cracking risk.
Recommended: Calcium Chloride (foliar)After Harvest
Reserve fertilization and soil improvement.
Recommended: KÖK-HÜMİX Plus cb+APPLE
Apple is one of the most widely cultivated fruit types worldwide. It has economic importance thanks to its broad adaptability and long storage life. It requires a cool climate and must meet its chilling requirement. Many cultivar and rootstock combinations are available. High-quality fruit production is achieved with regular pruning and fertilization. Disease and pest management requires attention.
KEY FACTS
- Most common fruit type
- Broad adaptability
- Long storage life
- Variety and rootstock diversity
Cultivation & Care
Apple trees are planted in autumn or early spring. Regular pruning is important. Thinning improves fruit quality. Regular irrigation and disease control are required. Different varieties may be needed for pollination. Soil analysis and fertilization planning should be performed.
Planting Time
November–December / February–March
Harvest Time
August–November (depending on variety)
Yield Potential
30–50 t/ha
Soil pH
5.5 - 7.0
Nutrient Requirements
Apple requires balanced nutrition. Excess nitrogen negatively affects fruit coloration. Potassium is important for fruit quality and storage life. Calcium prevents physiological disorders.
Fertilization Strategy
Annual fertilization program for apple:
Early Spring - Bud Swell
Main fertilizer application. 60% of nitrogen, all of P and K.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 12-12-17Before/After Flowering
Boron, calcium and zinc foliar fertilizer.
Recommended: Boron + Ca + Zn (foliar)After Fruit Set
Second nitrogen dose and microelement support.
Recommended: KÖK-UAN+ + KÖK-MixFruit Development
Potassium and calcium application. Critical for fruit quality.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + CalciumAfter Harvest
Reserve fertilization. Preparation for next year.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-15-15GRAPE
Grape is an important vine crop grown for both table and wine use. It prefers warm and dry climates. It is drought-tolerant thanks to its deep root system. Quality production is achieved with regular pruning and fertilization. It can be grown in trellis and pergola systems. Disease and pest management is important. Soil and climate greatly affect wine quality.
KEY FACTS
- Warm-climate plant
- Drought-tolerant
- Multi-purpose use (table, wine, dried)
- Long-lived vine (50+ years)
Cultivation & Care
Grapevines are planted in autumn or early spring. Regular pruning is critical. Trellis or pergola systems are used. Cluster thinning improves quality. Regular irrigation is necessary especially in arid regions. Soil organic matter content is important.
Planting Time
November–December / February
Harvest Time
August–October
Yield Potential
15–25 t/ha
Soil pH
6.0 - 7.5
Nutrient Requirements
Grape requires balanced nutrition. Excess nitrogen increases cluster compactness and raises disease risk. Potassium is important for sugar accumulation and quality. Magnesium and boron are critical micronutrients.
Fertilization Strategy
Annual fertilization program for grape:
Early Spring - Bud Break
Main fertilizer application. Balanced NPK.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 12-12-17Before Flowering
Boron and zinc foliar fertilizer. Important for fruit set.
Recommended: Boron + Zinc (foliar)Berry Set - Berry Growth
Potassium application. Critical for sugar accumulation.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + KÖK-AminORipening
Potassium and magnesium foliar fertilizer.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + Mg (foliar)After Harvest
Reserve fertilization and soil improvement.
Recommended: KÖK-HÜMİX Plus cb+STRAWBERRY
Strawberry is an important small fruit type with high market value and a short cultivation period. It can be grown both in open fields and under cover. It prefers cool climates but has broad adaptability. It requires intensive fertilization and irrigation. Mulch use is common. Disease and pest management requires attention. It reproduces through runners and renewal is needed every 3–4 years.
KEY FACTS
- High economic value
- Short production period
- Protected and open-field production
- Requires intensive care
Cultivation & Care
Strawberry seedlings are planted in autumn or early spring. Raised bed systems are common. Mulch use improves fruit quality. Regular irrigation is critical. Old leaves should be removed and runners should be managed. Disease and pest control should be done regularly.
Planting Time
September–October / February–March
Harvest Time
April–June
Yield Potential
25–40 t/ha
Soil pH
5.5 - 6.5
Nutrient Requirements
Strawberry requires intensive nutrition. Due to its shallow root system, regular and split fertilization is important. Potassium is critical for fruit quality and flavor. Calcium affects fruit firmness.
Fertilization Strategy
Intensive and frequent fertilization program for strawberry:
Before Planting - Base Fertilizer
NPK application with high phosphorus content.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 10-20-20Early Spring - Start of Vegetation
Balanced NPK application. Support for growth.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-15-15Flowering
Boron and calcium foliar fertilizer. Important for fruit set.
Recommended: Boron + Calcium (foliar)Fruit Development - Harvest Period
Weekly potassium application. Critical for fruit quality.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS (fertigation)After Harvest
Reserve fertilization. Preparation for the next season.
Recommended: KÖK-AminO + KÖK-Mix