GRASSLAND
Detailed cultivation information and fertilization programs for grassland crops
PERMANENT GRASSLAND
Permanent grassland consists of natural or cultivated pastures composed of perennial grasses and legumes. It is the most economical and sustainable source of roughage for livestock production. Permanent grasslands play a crucial role in soil protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. With proper management and fertilization, they can remain productive for many years. Grazing and mowing balance directly affect yield and forage quality. Perennial systems improve soil structure and help prevent erosion.
KEY FACTS
- Perennial production system
- Low cost, high sustainability
- Soil protection and improvement
- Source of biodiversity
Management and Maintenance
Permanent grassland is managed through regular grazing or mowing. Typically, 3–5 cuts per year are possible. Grazing intensity and duration strongly influence plant cover. Weed control, overseeding, and aeration should be carried out periodically. Drainage problems must be addressed and soil compaction should be prevented.
Number of Cuts
3–5 cuts/year
First Cut
May
Yield Potential
8–12 t DM/ha/year
Soil pH
5.5 – 7.0
Nutrient Requirements
Fertilizer requirements for permanent grassland depend on grazing or mowing intensity and botanical composition. Legumes reduce nitrogen demand. Balanced phosphorus and potassium supply is essential for long-term productivity.
Fertilization Strategy
Split fertilization program throughout the year for permanent grassland:
Spring – Start of Vegetation
First nitrogen dose (30–40%) and phosphorus–potassium application.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-15-15 + KÖK-UAN+After 1st Cut
Nitrogen and potassium support (25–30% nitrogen).
Recommended: KÖK-UAN+ + KÖK-POTASAfter 2nd Cut
Nitrogen and potassium supplementation (20–25% nitrogen).
Recommended: Ammonium Nitrate + KÖK-POTASAfter 3rd Cut
Final nitrogen dose and micronutrient support.
Recommended: Urea + KÖK-MixAutumn
Potassium and phosphorus application for winter preparation.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 0-20-30FODDER GRASS
Fodder grass consists of annual or perennial grass and legume mixtures specifically sown for livestock feeding. High yield and forage quality are the primary goals. Mixtures may include Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, sainfoin, and similar species. Intensive fertilization and irrigation enable high productivity. It can be used both for grazing and cutting. The crop may be utilized as silage, hay, or fresh forage.
KEY FACTS
- High yield potential
- High-quality roughage production
- Multi-purpose use
- Requires intensive management
Sowing and Cultivation
Fodder grass is sown in spring (March–April) or autumn (September–October). Mixture ratios are determined according to the intended use. Sowing depth should be 1–2 cm. Proper soil preparation and starter fertilization are essential. Regular irrigation is required for high yields.
Sowing Time
March–April / September–October
First Cut
60–80 days after sowing
Yield Potential
10–15 t DM/ha/year
Soil pH
6.0 – 7.5
Nutrient Requirements
Fodder grass is an intensive production system with high nutrient demand. Grass-dominated mixtures require particularly high nitrogen input. Nutrient losses occur with each cut and must be replenished accordingly.
Fertilization Strategy
Intensive fertilization program for fodder grass:
Pre-sowing – Base Fertilization
NPK application with high phosphorus and potassium content.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 15-20-20Spring – Start of Growth
High nitrogen dose (25–30%).
Recommended: KÖK-UAN+ + Ammonium SulfateAfter Each Cut
Nitrogen and potassium support. Dosage adjusted according to number of cuts.
Recommended: KÖK-UAN+ + KÖK-POTASMid-Season
Phosphorus and micronutrient supplementation.
Recommended: KÖK-NPK 10-30-10 + KÖK-MixAfter Final Cut
Potassium-focused fertilization for winter preparation.
Recommended: KÖK-POTAS + KÖK-NPK 0-0-40